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Canada's citizenship rules changed on December 15, 2025. The first-generation limit is gone, and many people born abroad to a Canadian parent are now citizens automatically, even generations later. Here is what changed and how to confirm your status.
CIPA is an independent association, not affiliated with the Government of Canada. This page is general information, not legal advice. Last reviewed: July 26, 2026.
WHAT CHANGED
Bill C-3, An Act to amend the Citizenship Act, came into force on December 15, 2025. Before then, Canadians born abroad generally could not pass citizenship to children also born outside Canada. Under the new law, if you were born outside Canada to a Canadian parent before December 15, 2025, you are automatically a Canadian citizen in most cases, even if you are second generation or later.
Change to citizenship rules in 2025 (canada.ca)Official announcement of the new rules (canada.ca)BORN AFTER THE CHANGE
For children born outside Canada on or after December 15, 2025, citizenship passes by descent only if the Canadian parent spent at least 1,095 days (about three years) physically in Canada before the child's birth. The days do not need to be consecutive, and the rule applies to biological and adopted children alike. For Canadians raising families abroad, time already spent in Canada can matter to your future children's citizenship.
Changes to citizenship rules and requirements (canada.ca)CONFIRM YOUR STATUS
If you think the new rules apply to you or your family, start with the official self-check, then apply for a citizenship certificate, the document that proves citizenship. The certificate is what you use to apply for a Canadian passport. No citizenship test is required for citizenship by descent.
Check if you may already be a citizen (canada.ca)Apply for proof of citizenship (canada.ca)Want updates when we refresh these guides and add new resources?
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